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初三中考英语名词知识点归纳

2019-10-16 11:27:18
|宇晴2

  名词是中考的常考点也是必考点,所以初三的学生要好好掌握这一个知识点了。小编为大家准备了一些相关的资料,一起来看看吧!

  名词的所有格

  名词的所有格,用来表示人或物的所有,以及领属关系。

  (1) 表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加“’s”,其复数形式是“s’”。

  例如:a student’s room

  students’ rooms

  father’s shoes

  (2) 如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加“’s”。

  例如:Children’s Day

  (3)在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用“’s”。

  例如:a twenty minutes’ walk

  ten miles’ journey

  a boat’s length

  two pounds’ weight

  ten dollars’ worth

  (4)无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构。

  例如:a map of China

  the end of this term

  the capital of our country

  the color of the flowers

  (5)双重所有格。

  例如:a friend of my father’s

  名词的数

  (1) 可数名词的单数和复数。

  可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“ s”构成,其主要变法如下:

  ①一般情况在词尾加“ s”。

  例如:doctor→doctors

  ②以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词加“ es”。

  例如:bus→buses

  box→boxes

  watch→watches

  brush→brushes

  ③以ce,se,ze,(d)ge结尾的名词加“ s”。

  例如:orange→oranges

  size→sizes

  ④以辅音母加y结尾的词变“y”为“i”再加“ es”。

  例如:factory→factories

  但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加“ s”。

  例如:boy→boys

  ⑤以o结尾的词多数都加“ es”。

  例如:hero→heroes

  potato→potatoes

  tomato→tomatoes

  但词末为两个元音字母的词只加“ s”。

  例如:zoo→zoos

  radio→radios

  还有某些外来词也只加“ s”。

  例如:photo→photos

  piano→pianos

  ⑥以f或fe结尾的词,多数变f为v再加“ es”。

  例如:knife→knives

  ⑦少数名词有不规则的复数形式。

  例如:man→men

  woman→women

  tooth→teeth

  foot→feet

  child→children

  mouse→mice

  注意:与man和woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是“ men”和“ women”。

  例如:an Englishman→two Englishmen

  但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans。

  man,woman等作定语时,它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定。

  例如:men workers

  women teachers

  有个别名词单复数一样,如:Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish等。但当fish表示不同种类的鱼时,可以加复数词尾。

  ⑧形式上为单数形式但其意为复数的名词有:people,police等。

  ⑨数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式,中间加连字符。

  例如:ten minutes’ walk

  an 8 year old girl

  a ten mile walk

  ⑩还有些名词仅有复数形式,如:trousers,clothes,chopsticks,glasses,goods,ashes,

  scissors,compasses等。

  (2) 不可数名词“量”的表示方法。

  在英语中,不可数名词如果要表示“量”的概念,可以用以下两种方法:

  ①用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少。

  例如:The rich man has a lot of money. (这个富人有很多钱。)

  There is some milk in the bottle. (瓶子里有些牛奶。)

  Is there any water in the glass? (杯子里有水吗?)

  I don’t like winter because there’s too much snow and ice. (我不喜歡冬天,因为冬天有太多的冰雪。)

  ②用a piece of 这类定语。

  例如:a piece of paper/wood/bread

  a bottle of orange

  a glass of water/milk

  a cup of tea

  a bag of rice

  如果要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时,在容器后加复数。

  例如:two cups of tea

  four pieces of paper

  three glasses of water

  不可数名词也可用a lot of,lots of,some,any,much等来修饰。

  名词题目专项练习

  1. There are some ________ on the hill.

  A. sheeps B. a sheep C. sheep D. sheepes

  2. Mr Black often gives us ________ by Email.

  A. some good information B. some good informations

  C. good informations D. a good information

  3. There are some new books in the school library. They are ____ books.

  A. child B. childrens' C. children D. children's

  4. I have worn out my shoes, so I want to buy a new ________ .

  A. pair B. one C. ones D. trousers

  5. Meimei's handwriting is better than any other ______ in his class.

  A. students B. students C. student's D. students'

  6. The hospital is a bit far from here. It's about _______ .

  A. forty minutes's walk B. forty minute's walk

  C. forty minutes walk D. forty minutes' walk

  7. How many _____ are there in your class ?

  A. Japanese B. American C. Australian D. Canadian

  8. I found my black cat in_____ room.

  A. Jim and Mike B. Jim and Mike's C. Jim's and Mike's D. Jim's and Mike

  9. How much are the _____ ?

  A. bread B. meats. C. potatos D. tomatoes

  10. There are many ______ in our school.

  A. woman teachers B. woman's teachers C. women teachers D. women's teachers

  11. Three months ________ a long time for me.

  A. is B. are C. have D. has

  12. There are ______ and ______ on the table.

  A. two boxes cake; four bottle of oranges

  B. two boxes cake; four bottle of orange

  C. two boxes of cakes; four bottles of orange

  D. two box of cakes; four bottles of oranges

  KEYS:

  1―6:CADCCD 7―12:ABDCAA

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